Micro Testing for Post-pasteurization Contamination (Part 3)
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Micro Testing for Post-pasteurization Contamination (Part 3)

ByNeil Bogart

The first article in this series, Raw Milk Dairy Micro Testing, focused on Gram-negative bacteria in raw milk with the Preliminary Incubation (PI) Count and Fresh Standard Plate Count (SPC) tests. The second article, The Effects of Gram-positive HRSF Bacteria on Fluid Milk Shelf Life, discussed another classification of bacteria that was not known as…

The Effects of Gram-positive HRSF Bacteria on Fluid Milk Shelf Life (Part 2)
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The Effects of Gram-positive HRSF Bacteria on Fluid Milk Shelf Life (Part 2)

ByNeil Bogart

The first article in this series, Raw Milk Micro Testing, focused on Gram-negative bacteria in raw milk with the Preliminary Incubation (PI) Count and Fresh Standard Plate Count (SPC) tests. In this second installment, I would like to discuss another classification of bacteria that was not known as a major issue in fluid milk processing prior…

Raw Milk Dairy Micro Testing (Part 1)
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Raw Milk Dairy Micro Testing (Part 1)

ByNeil Bogart

Why do you do it? What do the test results tell you? Is the test you use still a valid one? In part one of this dairy micro testing series, Raw Milk Dairy Micro Testing, I would like to take you on a journey through the development of some of the principal tests used in…

Why is Aseptic Inline Sampling Critical to Process Monitoring? 
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Why is Aseptic Inline Sampling Critical to Process Monitoring? 

ByMara Herschbach

The significant food safety recalls that have occurred in the dairy processing industry this past year, ranging from Listeria outbreaks in ice cream to Cronobacter in infant formula, and the Food and Drug Administration’s* (FDA)’s recent publication of its revised Investigations Operations Manual draw attention to the criticality of inline process monitoring of bacterial risks,…

Membrane Filtration Sampling
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Membrane Filtration Sampling

ByChris Pundmann

Membrane filtration is a widely used process in the dairy industry that separates specific components of milk and whey and then either concentrates or removes/reduces them. The technology used in cheese-making, whey protein concentration, fractionation of protein, and numerous other dairy processes requires special sampling considerations for both regulatory purposes and component analysis. It is…

Prevalence of Cold-tolerant Spore-forming Bacteria in the Milk Supply 
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Prevalence of Cold-tolerant Spore-forming Bacteria in the Milk Supply 

ByClarence Johnson

The shelf life of pasteurized fluid milk is challenged by bacterial contamination that enters the finished milk supply through two portals: a) contamination by Gram-negative psychrotrophic bacteria during processing after pasteurization; and b) contamination by Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria that enter primarily through the raw milk supply. In today’s processing environment, where post-pasteurization contamination is largely…

Post-Pasteurization Contamination Monitoring: A Canary in the Coal Mine
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Post-Pasteurization Contamination Monitoring: A Canary in the Coal Mine

ByDarrell Bigalke

Post-pasteurization contamination in dairy plants is a warning signal for potential food safety and spoilage concerns. While having an effective sanitation program gets the most attention, good sanitation alone cannot guarantee product quality and food safety. Sampling and testing products during processing are critical for identifying potential sources of post-pasteurization contamination. Possible causes of post-pasteurization…

How Standard Plate Count Affects Raw Milk Quality
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How Standard Plate Count Affects Raw Milk Quality

ByDan Funke

Standard Plate Count (SPC) directly impacts the quality of raw milk. The quality of the raw milk supply begins on the farm and ends when the product is consumed by consumers. Maintaining the highest quality throughout this chain requires close monitoring and numerous regulations and quality standards for Grade “A” raw milk. SPC measures the…

Aseptic Sampling for Dairy Plants—Representative or Grab Sampling?
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Aseptic Sampling for Dairy Plants—Representative or Grab Sampling?

ByAnne Bigalke

Aseptic sampling for dairy plants is essential for quality management. A dairy processor can only be assured of final product quality if strict, comprehensive sampling and testing protocols are followed throughout the process, from unloading the milk at the plant to the finished product. Aseptic and representative sampling for dairy plants is crucial for accurate…

Using Preliminary Incubation Count for Measuring Raw Milk Quality
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Using Preliminary Incubation Count for Measuring Raw Milk Quality

ByDan Funke

The Preliminary Incubation (PI) Count for measuring the quality of raw milk has become increasingly popular since the production of quality milk is the number one goal of dairy farmers and cooperatives. The PI test is especially sensitive to psychrotrophic bacteria. These particular bacteria can grow at colder temperatures, which is why dairy processors are…